Apa itu part of speech?
Part of speech adalah satu dari sembilan jenis kata dalam Bahasa Inggris:
- Verb
- Noun
- Adjective
- Adverb
- Pronoun
- Preposition
- Determiner
- Conjunction
- Interjection
Ada ribuan kata tapi tidak semuanya memiliki fungsi yang sama. Sebagai contoh:
- ada kata yang menjelaskan tindakan
- ada kata yang menjelaskan sesuatu / benda
- ada kata yang menggabungkan satu kata dengan kata yang lain
Kelas-kelas kata ini adalah “komponen bangunan” bahasa. Bayangkan mereka seperti bagian dari sebuah rumah. Ketika kita ingin membangun rumah, kita menggunakan beton sebagai fondasi. Kita menggunakan batu bata untuk bagian dindingnya. Kita menggunakan bingkai jendela untuk membuat bagian jendelanya, bingkai pintu untuk pintu masuknya. Kita menggunakan semen untuk menggabungkan beberapa komponen bangunan itu. Setiap bagian memiliki tugasnya sendiri-sendiri.
Ketika kita ingin menyusun sebuah kalimat, kita menggunakan jenis-jenis kata yang berbeda.
Dalam Bahasa Inggris, sembilan part of speech dapat digambarkan dengan melalui tabel di bawah ini:
| Part of Speech #1 | Verb |
| Fungsi / Tugas | Menyatakan tindakan atau keadaan |
| Contoh Kata | – work – sing – run – (to) be – have – do – like – can – must |
| Contoh Kalimat | – I work in a bank. – We sing national anthem during Monday ceremony. – He runs every morning. – I am a student. – She has two children. |
| Part of Speech #2 | Noun |
| Fungsi / Tugas | Menyatakan benda, sesuatu atau orang |
| Contoh Kata | – pen – house – song – London – teacher – John |
| Contoh Kalimat | – This is my pen. – He lives in my house. – He wrote a song for her. – We live in London. – My father was a teacher. – John arrived this morning. |
| Part of Speech #3 | Adjective |
| Fungsi / Tugas | Menjelaskan noun |
| Contoh Kata | – big – good – red – tall – interesting |
| Contoh Kalimat | – His house is big. – She has a good voice. – She’s wearing a red dress. – The tower is very tall. – His story is very interesting. |
| Part of Speech #4 | Determiner |
| Fungsi / Tugas | Menentukan noun / membatasi noun (dalam hal jumlah) |
| Contoh Kata | – a/an – the – 2 – some – many |
| Contoh Kalimat | – I saw a man across the street. – There is an envelope on the table. – The man wears a red hat. – We bought two gifts for Mary. – She went out with some of her friends. |
| Part of Speech #5 | Adverb |
| Fungsi / Tugas | Menjelaskan verb |
| Contoh Kata | – quickly – slowly – well – very – never |
| Contoh Kalimat | – He eats quickly. – The cars moves slowly during traffic jam. – He can sing well. – She likes flower very much. – We never go to his house. |
| Part of Speech #6 | Pronoun |
| Fungsi / Tugas | Menggantikan noun |
| Contoh Kata | – she – mine – myself – that – who |
| Contoh Kalimat | – Tara is Indian. – She is beautiful. – This book is mine. – I will bring this to him myself. – Can you see that? – Who told you? |
| Part of Speech #7 | Preposition |
| Fungsi / Tugas | Menghubungkan noun dengan kata lain |
| Contoh Kata | – on – in – at – by – before |
| Contoh Kalimat | – We went to school on Monday. – We live in a small city. – I’ll see you at Chris’s party later. – Send my the information by email please. – We need to meet him before noon. |
| Part of Speech #8 | Conjuction |
| Fungsi / Tugas | Menggabungkan kata, klausa atau kalimat |
| Contoh Kata | – and – but – or – because – although |
| Contoh Kalimat | – I like dogs and cats. – I like dogs but I don’t like cats. – We can leave today or tomorrow. – She cried because she lost her wallet. – I went to school although it rained very hard. |
| Part of Speech #9 | Interjection |
| Fungsi / Tugas | Kata seru |
| Contoh Kata | – oh! – ouch! – hi! – well |
| Contoh Kalimat | – Ouch! That hurts! – Hi! How are you? – Well, I don’t know. |
Contoh-contoh kalimat dengan rincian part of speech
| Verb | Run! |
| Verb | Stop! |
| Noun | Andi |
| Verb | runs |
| Noun | Andi |
| Verb | is |
| Verb | running |
| Pronoun | He |
| Verb | loves |
| Noun | animals. |
| Pronoun | He |
| Verb | loves |
| Noun | animals. |
| Noun | Anita |
| Verb | speaks |
| Adjective | good |
| Noun | english |
| Pronoun | They |
| Verb | speak |
| Noun | English |
| Adverb | well. |
| Pronoun | I |
| Verb | am |
| Verb | going |
| Preposition | to |
| Noun | school. |
| Noun | Beni |
| Verb | meets |
| Pronoun | her |
| Preposition V | at |
| Determiner | the |
| Noun | train station |
| Adverb | everyday. |
| Noun | Susi |
| Conjunction | and |
| Noun | her family |
| Verb | like |
| Verb | to watch |
| Noun | telenovela |
| Adverb | in the afternoon. |
| Interjection | Well, |
| Pronoun | I |
| Conjunction | and |
| Noun | John |
| Verb | exercise |
| Preposition | at |
| Determiner | the |
| Adjective | new |
| Noun | gym |
| Adverb | every Wednesday. |
Kata-kata yang memiliki lebih dari satu fungsi / kelas
Kadang-kadang ada satu kata yang memiliki lebih dari satu fungsi.
Kata “work” bisa berarti “bekerja”; dalam hal ini fungsinya sebagai “verb”, menjelaskan aksi/tindakan.
Contoh kalimat: I work everyday from eight in the morning until five in the afternoon.
Kata “work” bisa juga berarti “pekerjaan”; dalam ini fungsinya sebagai “noun”.
Contoh kalimat: I love my work at the Embassy.
Untuk menganalisa kelas kata / part of speech yang perlu diperhatikan adalah: apa fungsi kata ini dalam kalimat ini?
Tabel di bawah memberikan contoh beberapa kata yang memiliki lebih dari satu fungsi
| Word | Part of Speech | Example |
| work | Noun | My work is easy. |
| work | Verb | I work in London. |
| but | Conjunction | John came but Mary didn’t come. |
| but | Preposition | Everyone came but Mary. |
| well | Adjective | Are you well |